[Levomepromazine as adjuvant sedation in a pediatric intensive care unit]. / Levomepromazina como coadyuvante de sedación en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos.

INTRODUCTION: Sedation of patients in pediatric ICU extubated and in weaning of mechanic ventilation is diffcult under regular sedation, because of the tolerance and/or abstinence generated by its sustained use. The objective of this study is to describe the use of Levomepromazine as sedative coadjuvant in these patients. POPULATION AND METHODS: Observational and longitudinal study in intensive care from Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital. Patients older than 2 years were included, extubated and in weaning of mechanic ventilation with requirements of additional sedation. The level of basal sedation and post-intervention (levomepromazine 0.5 mg/kg every 8 hours) were evaluated with Ramsay and Khalil scales. Doses of regular sedatives were compared before and after the indication. It was considered positive an increase of 1 in the scales, or a decrease of 20% in the regular sedatives doses. RESULTS: 36 patients, medium age of 8,5 years, average doses of levomepromazine 0.38 mg/kg. 97% showed positive result. The regular sedative doses were reduced more than 20% after the intervention. No adverse effects or deceased were registered.

Cierre de comunicación interventricular en menores de un año en un hospital público / Ventricular septal defect repair in children during first year of life in a public hospital

Introducción. La comunicación interventricular (CIV) es la cardiopatía congénita más frecuente y el cierre quirúrgico primario es la estrategia de elección para corregirla. El objetivo es describir los resultados de la reparación quirúrgica en menores de 1 año y analizar factores de riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo; se incluyeron todos los pacientes con CIV operados entre 2004 y 2011. Se registraron variables demográficas, de la cirugía y del posoperatorio: edad, peso, síndrome genético, tipo de CIV, días de internación, complicaciones y evolución. Como factores de riesgo de mortalidad y morbilidad, se analizaron edad < 6 m, peso < 3 kg, síndrome de Down, desnutrición e infección respiratoria previa. Resultados. Se operaron 256 pacientes, con edad de 5,3 meses (21 d-1 a), peso de 4,75 kg (2,2-13), 32% con síndrome de Down y 17,5% con ventilación mecánica preoperatoria. La CIV tipo perimembranosa fue la más frecuente (62%). El 28% presentó alguna complicación y el 7% requirió reoperación por sangrado, infección o defecto. La mediana de internación fue de 6 días (1-185). Se registró una mortalidad posoperatoria de 3%. La desnutrición, edad < 6 m, peso < 3 kg y la infección respiratoria previa se asociaron a una internación prolongada. No se identificaron factores de riesgo para la mortalidad. Conclusión. En nuestra institución, el cierre quirúrgico primario de la CIV es un procedimiento con resultados satisfactorios.

Objective. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease; primary surgical closure is the usual strategy for repairing it. Our objective is to describe results of surgical repair in children under 1 year of age and analyze risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Patients and Methods. Retrospective study; all patients with VSD repaired between 2004 and 2011 were included. Demographic, surgical procedure and postoperative variables were recorded: age, weight, genetic syndrome, type of VSD, length of stay, complications and outcome. Risk factors of mortality and morbidity: age < 6 m, weight < 3 kg, Down, malnutrition and respiratory infection prior syndrome were analyzed. Results. 256 patients, age 5.3 months (21d-1y), weight 4.75 kg (2.2 to 13), 32% with Down syndrome and 17.5% with preoperative mechanical ventilation were operated. Perimembranous VSD was the most frequent type (62%). 28% experienced complications and 7% required reoperation for bleeding, infection or defect. The median hospital stay was 6 days (1-185). Postoperative 30 days mortality was 3%. Age < 6 m, weight < 3 kg, malnutrition and prior respiratory viral infection were associated with prolonged hospitalization, but no risk factors for mortality were identified. Conclusion. The primary surgical closure of the VSD is a procedure with satisfactory results at our institution.

[Ventricular septal defect repair in children during first year of life in a public hospital]. / Cierre de comunicación interventricular en menores de un año en un hospital público.

OBJECTIVE: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease; primary surgical closure is the usual strategy for repairing it. Our objective is to describe results of surgical repair in children under 1 year of age and analyze risk factors for morbidity and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study; all patients with VSD repaired between 2004 and 2011 were included. Demographic, surgical procedure and postoperative variables were recorded: age, weight, genetic syndrome, type of VSD, length of stay, complications and outcome. Risk factors of mortality and morbidity: age < 6 m, weight < 3 kg, Down, malnutrition and respiratory infection prior syndrome were analyzed. RESULTS: 256 patients, age 5.3 months (21d-1y), weight 4.75 kg (2.2 to 13), 32% with Down syndrome and 17.5% with preoperative mechanical ventilation were operated. Perimembranous VSD was the most frequent type (62%). 28% experienced complications and 7% required reoperation for bleeding, infection or defect. The median hospital stay was 6 days (1-185). Postoperative 30 days mortality was 3%. Age < 6 m, weight < 3 kg, malnutrition and prior respiratory viral infection were associated with prolonged hospitalization, but no risk factors for mortality were identified. CONCLUSION: The primary surgical closure of the VSD is a procedure with satisfactory results at our institution.

Cierre de comunicación interventricular en menores de un año en un hospital público. / [Ventricular septal defect repair in children during first year of life in a public hospital].

OBJECTIVE: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease; primary surgical closure is the usual strategy for repairing it. Our objective is to describe results of surgical repair in children under 1 year of age and analyze risk factors for morbidity and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study; all patients with VSD repaired between 2004 and 2011 were included. Demographic, surgical procedure and postoperative variables were recorded: age, weight, genetic syndrome, type of VSD, length of stay, complications and outcome. Risk factors of mortality and morbidity: age < 6 m, weight < 3 kg, Down, malnutrition and respiratory infection prior syndrome were analyzed. RESULTS: 256 patients, age 5.3 months (21d-1y), weight 4.75 kg (2.2 to 13), 32

with Down syndrome and 17.5

with preoperative mechanical ventilation were operated. Perimembranous VSD was the most frequent type (62

). 28

experienced complications and 7

required reoperation for bleeding, infection or defect. The median hospital stay was 6 days (1-185). Postoperative 30 days mortality was 3

. Age < 6 m, weight < 3 kg, malnutrition and prior respiratory viral infection were associated with prolonged hospitalization, but no risk factors for mortality were identified. CONCLUSION: The primary surgical closure of the VSD is a procedure with satisfactory results at our institution.

Glenn bidireccional: resultados y análisis de factores de riesgo en una experiencia de 5 años / Bidirectional Glenn: Outcomes and risk factor analysis in a 5 years' experience

Objetivo: La anastomosis de Glenn es un procedimiento paliativo en pacientes con ventrículo único. Si bien se asocia a baja morbimortalidad, el objetivo es exponer los resultados en cirugía de Glenn y analizar los factores de riesgo en nuestra población. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con cirugía de Glenn entre 2005 y 2009. Se registraron variables demográficas, tipo de ventrículo único, cirugía previa, método de cirugía y evolución en postoperatorio. Se efectuó un análisis estadístico univariado y multivariado para identificar factores de riesgo de mortalidad y/o de internación prolongada (Stata 9.0). Resultados: Se operaron 101 pacientes, 87 con Glenn bidireccional y 14 con Glenn bilateral. Edad mediana 15 meses (2.5-108), peso 8.5 kg (4.2-27). El 74% tenían cirugía previa, en 54 se realizó algún procedimiento asociado al Glenn y en 4 se dejó una fuente adicional de flujo pulmonar. La mediana de internación fue de 8 días (2-97). El 35% presentó complicaciones postoperatorias. No encontramos asociación entre edad, peso o cirugías previas y mortalidad. Tampoco entre tiempo de bomba y <

Objective: Bidirectional Glenn shunt is a palliative surgical procedure in patients with single ventricle. Although morbimortality in this surgery is low, risk factors have been described. The purpose of this study is to report our outcomes in Glenn surgery, identifying mortality risk factors in our population. Methods: Retrospective study between 2005 and 2009. Age, weight, previous surgery, surgical procedure, and postoperative condition were analyzed. Results are reported as median and rank, or absolute values and percentage. Uni and multivariate analysis was made to identify risk factors of mortality and/or prolonged hospitalization (Stata 9.0). Results: One hundred and one patients were operated; 87 bidirectional Glenn and 14 bilateral Glenn. Median age 15 months (2.5-108), median weight 8.5 kg (4.2-27), and 74% of them with previous surgery. In 54 patients an associated procedure was performed simultaneously, only in 4 additional pulmonary blood flow was left. Median hospitalization was 8 days (2-97). Thirty-five percent of the patients presented complications. No association between age, weight, pulmonary hypertension, cardiopulmonary bypass, cross clamping, associated procedures or Glenn bilateral with mortality or morbidity was found. Overall mortality was 3.9%. Conclusion: Mortality was similar to other centers, but morbidity in this group of patients is high. No independent risk factors associated with morbidity or mortality were identified.

[Bidirectional Glenn: outcomes and risk factor analysis in a 5 years' experience]. / Glenn bidireccional: resultados y análisis de factores de riesgo en una experiencia de 5 años.

OBJECTIVE: Bidirectional Glenn shunt is a palliative surgical procedure in patients with single ventricle. Although morbimortality in this surgery is low, risk factors have been described. The purpose of this study is to report our outcomes in Glenn surgery, identifying mortality risk factors in our population. METHODS: Retrospective study between 2005 and 2009. Age, weight, previous surgery, surgical procedure, and postoperative condition were analyzed. Results are reported as median and rank, or absolute values and percentage. Uni and multivariate analysis was made to identify risk factors of mortality and/or prolonged hospitalization (Stata 9.0). RESULTS: One hundred and one patients were operated; 87 bidirectional Glenn and 14 bilateral Glenn. Median age 15 months (2.5-108), median weight 8.5 kg (4.2-27), and 74% of them with previous surgery. In 54 patients an associated procedure was performed simultaneously, only in 4 additional pulmonary blood flow was left. Median hospitalization was 8 days (2-97). Thirty-five percent of the patients presented complications. No association between age, weight, pulmonary hypertension, cardiopulmonary bypass, cross clamping, associated procedures or Glenn bilateral with mortality or morbidity was found. Overall mortality was 3.9%. CONCLUSION: Mortality was similar to other centers, but morbidity in this group of patients is high. No independent risk factors associated with morbidity or mortality were identified.